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发表于 2021-1-14 00:26:59
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【长老尼偈与略传】第三篇
《巴利三藏 • 小部 • 长老尼偈经 • 三偈集》:
◎阿帕拉萨玛长老尼所说偈Aparāsāmātherīgāthā
长老尼偈第39 、40、41偈:『Paṇṇavīsativassāni , yato pabbajitāya me;Nābhijānāmi cittassa, samaṃ laddhaṃ kudācanaṃ.出家皈依佛,已有廿五年;时已到今日,未曾得心恬。』『Aladdhā cetaso santiṃ, citte avasavattinī;Tato saṃvegamāpādiṃ, saritvā jinasāsanaṃ.修禅不得定,心根未得安。想起佛教诫,惭愧由衷生。』『Bahūhi dukkhadhammehi, appamādaratāya me;Taṇhakkhayo anuppatto, kataṃ buddhassa sāsanaṃ;Ajja me sattamī ratti, yato taṇhā visositā’’ti.已尝诸多苦,勤勉断贪念,遵从佛教诫,无欲已七天。』
◎伍塔玛长老尼所说偈‧略传Uttamātherīgāthā
Uttamā伍塔玛出生在Sāvatthī沙瓦提城的一个富商家庭。她出家后去听『持律第一』巴答吒拉长老尼说法。巴答吒拉长老尼以蕴、处、界诸法向她进行明瞭、透彻的讲解。伍塔玛长老尼依照所听之法修习,专注于禅修的业处。在闻法之后的第八日,她便断灭一切烦恼,成为阿拉汉。得到阿拉汉果的伍塔玛长老尼便在座上结跏跌坐七日,以体验涅槃寂静境界的快乐。直到第八天才结束端坐的威仪,站立起来,便说出了长老尼偈第42、43、44偈:『Catukkhattuṃ pañcakkhattuṃ, vihārā upanikkhamiṃ;Aladdhā cetaso santiṃ, citte avasavattinī.修禅不入定,我心未安转;寺庙去复来,已然有九次。』『Sā bhikkhuniṃ upagacchiṃ, yā me saddhāyikā ahu;Sā me dhammamadesesi, khandhāyatanadhātuyo.有尼我崇信,前往作拜谒;讲述蕴界处,对我说佛法。』『Tassā dhammaṃ suṇitvāna, yathā maṃ anusāsi sā;Sattāhaṃ ekapallaṅkena, nisīdiṃ pītisukhasamappitā;Aṭṭhamiyā pāde pasāresiṃ, tamokhandhaṃ padāliyā’’ti.听法心欢喜,跏趺一来复;第八天断痴,腿足方展舒。』
◎阿帕拉伍塔玛长老尼所说偈‧略传Aparāuttamātherīgāthā
Aparāuttamā阿帕拉伍塔玛出生在Kosala高沙喇国一个婆罗门家庭。佛陀到拘萨罗游化时,她听闻了佛陀说法之后,思惟法义而证悟了成为阿拉汉,其后感兴地自说此三首长老尼偈第45、46、47偈:『Ye ime satta bojjhaṅgā, maggā nibbānapattiyā;Bhāvitā te mayā sabbe, yathā buddhena desitā.道支七觉分,通达涅槃境;遵从佛教诲,一一我实行。』『Suññatassānimittassa, lābhinīhaṃ yadicchakaṃ;Orasā dhītā buddhassa, nibbānābhiratā sadā.空观无相观,我均去修行;佛陀亲生女,嚮往涅槃境。』『Sabbe kāmā samucchinnā, ye dibbā ye ca mānusā;
Vikkhīṇo jātisaṃsāro, natthi dāni punabbhavo’’ti.天人诸欲念,已为我灭尽;无生无轮迴,此后不再生。』
◎妲娣卡长老尼所说偈‧略传Dantikātherīgāthā
Dantikā妲娣卡出生在Sāvatthī沙瓦提城一个婆罗门家庭,其父是Kosala高沙喇国的宰相。当祇园精舍落成时,祇陀王子和给孤独园长者举行了盛大法会将精舍供养给以佛陀为首的僧团。妲娣卡去观看法会时,对佛陀的教法产生了无比的虔诚信仰,后来更在大爱道长老尼座前出家。一天中午,妲娣卡长老尼在灵鹫山上禅修,思绪变得散乱,无法集中。恰在此时,她目睹到萨比尼卡河边有一头大象,很驯服地遵照象官的旨意下河洗澡,洗毕又听令回到岸上,然后伸出一脚供象官攀爬,骑到自己背上。妲娣卡受此启发,回到止观业处精进修习,当天证悟了阿拉汉道果。证悟后她说出了长老尼偈第48、49、50偈:『Divāvihārā nikkhamma, gijjhakūṭamhi pabbate;Nāgaṃ ogāhamuttiṇṇaṃ, nadītīramhi addasaṃ.我在灵鸳山,刚刚纳过凉;见象下河浴,又复返岸上。』『Puriso aṅkusamādāya, ‘dehi pāda’nti yācati;Nāgo pasārayī pādaṃ, puriso nāgamāruhi.驯师持象钩,令象伸出腿;象驯腿伸出,踏腿登上背。』『Disvā adantaṃ damitaṃ, manussānaṃ vasaṃ gataṃ;Tato cittaṃ samādhesiṃ, khalu tāya vanaṃ gatā’’ti.大象本难驯,如今已服人;得启回林中,重使心安顿。』
◎乌碧丽长老尼所说偈‧略传Ubbiritherīgāthā
Ubbiri乌碧丽出生在Sāvatthī沙瓦提城一个高种姓家庭。因其貌美,被拘萨罗国王纳为宫女。乌碧丽生女基娃,甚得国王宠爱,乌碧丽也因此升为王后。不幸小公主夭折,乌碧丽悲痛欲绝,每天跑到女儿墓地痛哭。佛陀以神足通现身于她的面前问说:「你从无使轮迴以来拥有八万四千个女儿都埋葬在这一片墓地过,你哭的是哪一个呢?」佛陀并说此偈:『乌碧丽哭唤基娃女,汝当首先知自随。此墓火葬八万四,皆名吉娃哭对谁?』且为她开示。乌碧丽听闻后仔细思惟而证悟,成为阿拉汉果,并自说两首偈语。长老尼偈第51、52、53偈:『Amma jīvāti vanamhi kandasi, attānaṃ adhigaccha ubbiri;Cullāsītisahassāni, sabbā jīvasanāmikā;Etamhāḷāhane daḍḍhā, tāsaṃ kamanusocasi.乌比娌哭唤基娃女,汝当首先知自随。此墓火葬八万四,皆名吉娃哭对谁?』『Abbahī vata me sallaṃ, duddasaṃ hadayassitaṃ;Yaṃ me sokaparetāya, dhītusokaṃ byapānudi.悲痛好似刺扎心,此刺无形却似真;如今尖刺已拔除,心明不再悲痛生。』『Sājja abbūḷhasallāhaṃ, nicchātā parinibbutā;Buddhaṃ dhammañca saṅghañca, upemi saraṇaṃ muni’’nti.今天尖刺已拔除,贪欲已断得涅槃;诚心皈依佛法僧,永无恼烦无悲痛。』
◎苏卡长老尼所说偈‧略传Sukkātherīgāthā
Sukkā苏卡出身于一个农民家庭。佛陀到Rājagaha王舍城弘法时,她皈依佛教,跟从『说法第一』的达摩汀娜长老尼座前出家,修习止观而证得阿拉汉果位。苏卡长老尼和戒师一样也善于讲经说法,曾经拥有五百尼众随身。一天,她正为尼众说法时,在近旁聆听一位树神受到感动,显现于众人面前,吟诵出两首讚美苏卡的偈颂,长老尼偈第54、55偈:『Kiṃme katā rājagahe manussā, madhuṃ pītāva acchare;Ye sukkaṃ na upāsanti, desentiṃ buddhasāsanaṃ.苏卡讲佛法,就在王舍城;不来听法者,无异于醉生。』『Tañca appaṭivānīyaṃ, asecanakamojavaṃ;Pivanti maññe sappaññā, valāhakamivaddhagū.法甘如醍醐,智者不可弃;犹如行路人,捧饮甘露剂。』人们听到树神的讚歌,都一齐拥来,共听苏卡法语。而苏卡长老尼在进入般涅槃之前也自说了一首偈语,表达其证得阿拉汉果位之后的喜悦。长老尼偈第56偈:『Sukkā sukkehi dhammehi, vītarāgā samāhitā;Dhāreti antimaṃ dehaṃ, jetvā māraṃ savāhana’’nti.苏卡得善法,战胜众摩罗。此为最后身,得阿拉汉果。』
◎谢拉长老尼所说偈‧略传Selātherīgāthā
Selā谢拉本是āḷavi阿拉维国的一位小公主,所以也有人称她为『阿拉维卡』。佛陀到该国来降伏'āḷavaka阿拉瓦卡夜叉王时,尚为孩童的谢拉便跟随父王去听闻佛法,证得初果。年幼的她领悟了佛法,明白轮迴至苦,便请求父王让她进入比库尼僧团。不久,正式受戒为sāmaṇerī沙马内莉,因过去世的巴拉密深厚,所以出家的第七日便在禅修时证得了阿拉汉果位,当时她刚满七岁。佛陀对这位小沙马内莉常常讚叹,又开例为这位七岁的小沙马内莉达上,授了比库尼具足戒。谢拉证得阿拉汉果的第二天,曾到安特林中坐禅,魔罗变幻了巨大恐怖的形体想要惊扰她,还诵出一首偈(长老尼偈第57偈):『Natthi nissaraṇaṃ loke, kiṃ vivekena kāhasi;Bhuñjāhi kāmaratiyo, māhu pacchānutāpinī’’. 世本无涅槃,清淨何所为?速速寻欢乐,免得日后悔。』谢拉马上识破魔罗伎俩,便说两首偈颂回敬祂,长老尼偈第58、59偈:『Sattisūlūpamā kāmā, khandhāsaṃ adhikuṭṭanā;Yaṃ tvaṃ ‘kāmaratiṃ’ brūsi, ‘aratī’ dāni sā mama.爱欲似毒箭,五蕴似砧板;汝所说欢乐,与我已无关。』『Sabbattha vihatā nandī, tamokhandho padālito;Evaṃ jānāhi pāpima, nihato tvamasi antakā’’ti.断除一切贪,断除痴愚闇,恶魔汝当知,汝已被我斩。』魔罗悻然退散而去。
◎索玛长老尼所说偈‧略传Somātherīgāthā
Somā索玛本是宾比萨拉王的大臣之女儿。佛陀到Rājagaha王舍城时,她皈依佛法僧三宝。不久出家为尼,并证得阿拉汉。一日,她到安特林去纳凉。当她正在一棵树下休息时,魔罗隐藏形体,在空中说出一首偈语,藉此想破坏她的内心平静安详,令她疑怖(长老尼偈第60偈):『Yaṃ taṃ isīhi pattabbaṃ, ṭhānaṃ durabhisambhavaṃ;Na taṃ dvaṅgulapaññāya, sakkā pappotumitthiyā.佛陀诸圣贤,修证阿拉汉;其他平庸辈,求得已困难,女流二指智,决然不可攀。』。索玛长老尼听完,以两首偈语回击了魔罗,长老尼偈第61、62偈:『Itthibhāvo no kiṃ kayirā, cittamhi susamāhite;Ñāṇamhi vattamānamhi, sammā dhammaṃ vipassato.我心能守一,循阿拉汉向;佛法心领会,女性有何妨?』『Sabbattha vihatā nandī, tamokhandho padālito;Evaṃ jānāhi pāpima, nihato tvamasi antakā’’ti.断除一切贪,断除痴愚闇;魔罗汝当知,汝已被我斩。』
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